Essay about William Goldings Lord of the Flies - 1506 Words

William Goldings Lord of the Flies In Lord of the flies Golding is clearly seeking to explore fundamental human nature and this is apparent from the way in which he portrays the slackening hold of civilisation on the boys can the consequent atavistic regression. By reversing mankinds evolution, he strips the boys to their essential nature. Referring to three episodes in the novel, analyse the boys regression into savagery and explore what Golding reveals about mankinds essential nature. Lord of the Flies was written by a man called William Golding and was first published in 1954 and shocked the nation, as the†¦show more content†¦When we first saw Jack he was worried about his appearance and even though it was very hot he made his choir walk in line and he also wore his cape and hat, now he bothers with neither. The fact that he has a knife means that he either made, which is unlikely, it or he smuggled it aboard the plane so this means that this hunter was always inside him but that civilisation and adults meant that it didnt show. He seems determined to kill this time, unlike when he failed to kill the pig when they first explored the island. The point is only strengthened when he Golding says that Jack has bothered to make a spear. When Jack is hunting he does not hunt like you would expect, his hunting is instinctive and Golding stresses that he acts like an animal, dog like on all fours and ape-like. Golding also stresses that the way Jack hunts is instinctive Jack himself shrank at this cry with a hiss of indrawn breath. He uses his all his senses, which is unusual as normally humans mainly use their sight. But as Jack he is so primal he uses smell, to see if the droppings are warm. When he gets onto the pig run he draws himself up to his full height, like an animal would before it strikes its prey or if it was on the defence because it wants to make itself seem more powerful. JackShow MoreRelatedWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay1255 Words   |  6 Pagesever since they were born, or would they disregard all of it and do as they please because there is no definite authority figure to tell them how to live. In William Goldings, The Lord of the Flies, he brilliantly tells a story of life and death and everything in between. His use of symbolism with the conch, beast, and lord of the flies is phenomenal. It is a story that makes you think. Every person, when faced with reality, may act civil now, but in a survival situation, human nature takes overRead MoreAllegories In William Goldings Lord Of The Flies885 Words   |  4 Pagesrevolutionized his field with his model of the human psyche. According to his model, the mind is divided into three aspects: the id, ego, and superego. William Golding’s allegorical novel, Lord of the Flies, employs these three aspects of the psyche through intricate characterization representing the concepts of id, ego, and superego. Lord of the Flies tells the story of a group of young British boys who are stranded on an island in the South Pacific. They become trapped when their plane is shot downRead MoreWilliam Goldings The Lord of the Flies1027 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish author William Gerald Golding wrote Lord of the flies as his firs t novel in 1954. Golding would later become famous as a novelist, playwright, and poet, yet before Lord of the flies publishers had rejected his works many times. Fortunately for Golding and future readers, his new editor Charles Monteith helped him to make some changes to the text and publish the book in September 1954 as Lord of the Flies (â€Å"William Golding† par.7). This book became hugely successful, and in 1983 Golding wasRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies: A Review1479 Words   |  6 PagesLord of the flies is anything but an easy book to digest. It comes upon the reader like a heavy meal on a suffocating summers day. The main idea is fairly simple actually: a group of children stranded on an isolated island are trying to reenact the norms of the society they used to live in before their arrival on the island. Gradually, things descend more violently with the children looking to kill the beast that lives in the heart of the jungle. What they are unable to r ealize though is that theRead MoreSymbolism in William Goldings Lord of the Flies1918 Words   |  8 PagesSymbolism in William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’ Definition: A symbol is something that is itself as well as something else. In literature it means literal or objective sense coupled with abstract meaning. Symbolism refers to serious and extensive use of symbols in a work of literature. Symbolism in Lord of the Flies: The novel is rich in symbolism. A host of different interpretations of the novel’s symbolism – political, psychological and religious – exists. We will look at some of the prominentRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essays1958 Words   |  8 PagesIn William Goldings Lord of the Flies, the color pink is hard to overlook. Throughout the text there is pink mentioned at virtually every turn: The pink platform, cream-pink conch, pink mountain, pink faces of the children, pink pig, etc. This color represents a vast amount including, This color represents compassion, nurturing and love. It relates to unconditional love and understanding, and the giving and receiving of nurturing. (Judy Scott Kennis, The Color Pink) Pink further details, BrighterRead MoreEssay William Goldings Lord of the Flies1768 Words   |  8 PagesWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies The first chapter of the novel, The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding is effective in establishing the characters, concerns and language for the remainder of the book, as well as introducing the main themes of the novel; that the problems in society are related to the sinful nature of man and good verses evil. In Golding’s first chapter, the main characters are introduced, we see many ominous signs of what’s to come through the authors choice of languageRead MoreEssay William Goldings Lord of the Flies4998 Words   |  20 PagesWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel, Lord of the Flies, William Golding tells the story of a group of boys on an island left out to self survive. The time was World War II when the plane the boys were in was shot down leaving young survivals on a deserted island without any adults. The whole story is about what happens during their stay on the island representing metaphoric ideas of humanity in each incident as Golding describes. Golding has reportedly said that he wroteRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay1510 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance and an In-depth look in the characters of this story In viewing the aspects of the island society, the author William Goldings Lord of the Flies as a symbolic microcosm of society. He chooses to set the children alone in an unsupervised world, leaving them to learn the ways of the world in a natural setting first hand. Many different perspectives can also be considered. Goldings island of marooned youngsters becomes a microcosm. The island represents the individual human and the various charactersRead MoreWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Essay1265 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Goldings Lord of the Flies Everything is breaking up. I dont know why. - Ralph What is going wrong on the island and why? The group of evacuees, all boys roughly aged between five and twelve, is dividing into two sets of people, each following either the ideal of civilisation, or the ideal of savagery. At the beginning of the novel, every boy, conditioned by society, was following the ideal of civilisation, that being the only ideal they knew. However

Microsoft An Examination of Monopolies - 1023 Words

Microsoft: An Examination of Monopolies Introduction This paper examines the nature of monopolies and the anti-trust policies developed by the government to discourage them. It specifically considers Microsoft and the case brought against it by the Federal government to prevent its becoming a software monopoly. In many cases, the government is justified in pursuing such anti-monopoly policies to protect competition and by extension the consumer. There are some instances, however, when allowing certain monopolies ensures constant supply, efficient production, and consistent regulation of products vital to the public good. The Microsoft Anti-Trust Case In 1998, the U.S. Department of Justice filed suit against Microsoft, claiming that the software company was violating the Sherman Antitrust Act and the terms of a previous settlement by bundling its Internet Explorer browser application with its Windows operating system. The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was passed in 1890 in an effort to prevent monopolies that would threaten competition in the marketplace and would eventually lead to extortionary prices for consumers. The Act restricts companies from any practices that artificially create a monopoly by barring competitors from entering the market. The governments case against Microsoft rested on a particular definition of monopoly. Monopolies can occur in several ways. A pure monopoly, where only one company offers a product for which there are no viable substitutes,Show MoreRelatedA Comparison of Two Monopolists in a Competitive Market Essay977 Words   |  4 Pagesof Two Monopolists in a Competitive Marke t According to Webster , to have a monopoly is to have exclusive ownership, possession, or control. The following essay is an examination of Microsoft in comparison to this definition and another commonly known monopoly, Standard Oil. Also attention will be given to the necessary role of and problems with monopolies. Competitive Market vs. Monopoly A competitive market consists of many buyers and sellers. Markets thrive becauseRead More Microsoft Essay1922 Words   |  8 PagesMicrosoft There have been many arguments and issues that have been raised with the controversy over Microsoft and the U.S. Department of Justice’s claim against Microsoft and its founder Bill Gates of monopolistic practices in bundling its internet browser â€Å"Internet Explorer† into its popular Windows computer operating system. By doing this, Microsoft would effectively crush its competitors (it’s main rival being Netscape Navigator), and acquire a monopoly over the software that people use toRead More Wal-Mart is a Menace to Society1039 Words   |  5 Pagesprice that is off by a couple of cents. This is what helps prices get lower and helps businesses succeed. Wal-Mart is more of a monopoly; although this hasnï ¿ ½t been legally declared. A monopoly in business terms means a company that has the most share in the market. Microsoft is a computer monopoly because nearly all computers are Windows based, which is a product of Microsoft. Small businesses are often succ essful. However, when a Wal-Mart comes along, these businesses have no choice but to shut downRead MoreThe Microsoft Antitrust Case11234 Words   |  45 PagesThe Microsoft Antitrust Case A Case Study For MBA Students by Nicholas Economides* Revised April 2003 Abstract This case study discusses briefly the economic and legal issues pertaining to the antitrust case of the United States and a number of States against Microsoft. * Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, NY 10012, (212) 9980864, fax (212) 995-4218, http://www.stern.nyu.edu/networks/, neconomi@stern.nyu.edu Copyright  ©, N. Economides 2 Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5Read More Intellectual Property Essay1176 Words   |  5 Pagesor capitalizing upon another’s work. The main areas protected by protect intellectual property law include: patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret. Intellectual Property can be categorized under the following: Monopoly Right to prevent copying De Facto Monopoly Contractual Patents Unregistered Trade Marks Trade Secrets Confidential Information Registered Trade Marks Unregistered Designs Know-How Registered Design Copyright This essay focuses on Patents, RegisteredRead MoreCompetition As A Monopolistic Competition1848 Words   |  8 Pagesmonopolistic competition is present. Follow by the idea of the network effect theory. The multi-sided market and the core business strategies is analyzed and finally, the examination of the future of the smartphone competition is shown. What is the ‘monopolistic competition’? Monopolistic competition refers to a competition where monopoly exists, and is neither a perfect competition nor an oligopoly. As the market competition become intense, the distribution of resource becomes rational; therefore, theRead MoreCIS1101 past exam paper1947 Words   |  8 PagesCIS1101 – BUSINESS ONLINE Page 1 of 14 Examination Period - Semester 2, 2014 PART A Multiple Choice Questions You are required to answer forty (40) questions. This section is worth a total of forty (40) marks. Please record your answers on the CMA Sheet provided. QUESTION 1 The ____________________ is the major reason that the Internet has such potential for destroying traditional conceptions and implementations of intellectual property law. a) ability to make perfect copies of digital works atRead MoreMicroeconomics: Supply and Demand and Price5551 Words   |  23 Pagesor service and the total amount that we actually pay for that good or service. 6. Marginal Utility – defined as the additional satisfaction that an individual denies from consuming an extra unit of a good or service. 7. Marginal analysis – an examination of the additional benefits of an activity compared to the additional costs of that activity. 8. Total Utility – total satisfaction that a consumer denies from the consumption of a given quantity of a good or service in a particular time period.Read MoreEco 3653142 Words   |  13 Pages22 of Economics. 8-26-2013 Reading Read Ch. 23 of Economics. 8-26-2013 Participation Participate in class discussion. 8-26-2013 2 Individual Final Examination Resource: Economics Click the link to the Final Examination on the student website available from the end of Week Four through the end of Week Five. Complete the Final Examination. You have one attempt to complete the exam, which is timed and must be completed in 3 hours. Results are auto-graded and sent to your instructor. 8-26-2013Read MoreThe Strategic Group Of Apple Inc.2794 Words   |  12 Pagescompanies in the same industry for substitute products because they produce some unique products that cannot be found elsewhere. Many of the greatest organizations in the business sector including Dell, HP, and IBM use comparable working frameworks and Microsoft programming, which makes Apple to look at and be unique in the eyes of its customers and its potential customers. This is because Apple uses its own operating system and programming. For the greater part of the people Apple is not a substitute for

Legal and Political Aspects of the Business Free Essays

Pick an administrative agency of either the Federal or a State government. Find where the current and proposed regulation changes for that agency are located on the internet. (i. We will write a custom essay sample on Legal and Political Aspects of the Business or any similar topic only for you Order Now e. the Federal Register or the State Administrative Agency website.) Regulations.gov is a good place to begin your research. Pick one proposed regulation change currently under consideration (if you find one which has already closed out, but interests you, you can use that, instead) and write the following regarding it: 1. State the administrative agency which controls the regulation. Explain why this agency and your proposed regulation interests you (briefly). Will this proposed regulation affect you or the business in which you are working? If so, how? Submit a copy of the proposed regulation along with your responses to these five questions. The proposed regulation can be submitted as either a separate Word document (.doc) or Adobe file (.pdf). This means you will submit two attachments to the Week 2 Dropbox: (1) a Word doc with the questions and your answers and (2) a copy of the proposed regulation you used for this assignment. The administrative agency I choose is the Social Security Administration and the proposed regulation is â€Å"Amendments to Regulations Regarding Withdrawal of Applications and Voluntary Suspension of Benefits†.I selected this agency because as most of us deal with it and some way or the other everyone in the family will affected by the proposed rules of it. Coming to this rule ,it is so interesting that how can they limit the period of applying and taking their rights away. 2. Describe the proposal/change. Basically workers have the right to choose when to apply for old age benefits.So depending on the time they apply the number of benefits will be decreased or increased accordingly. According to this proposed regulation they are limiting the time for the withdrawal of old age benefits applications. They only allow only one withdrawal for lifetime and also limit the voluntary suspension benefits.And they say that by doing these changes to the current policies they can avoid the misuse of them. 3.Write the public comment which you would submit to this proposal. If the proposed regulation deadline has already passed, write the comment you would have submitted. Explain briefly what you wish to accomplish with your comment. I am not favor of this proposed rule because my uncle who is about to retire in few years when he is 62 and wanted to postpone to apply for old age benefits at 70.This is because it will increase the benefits.At present he is good and planning to work few more years after retiring so that he can take care of his sister who is suffering from cancer.By this proposed rule he has to apply for the benefits within 12 month period after he retires which makes him out of money when he actually is in need of it.Old age people don’t have any one to take care of them and they all expect more benefits and they know when they do need the benefits.If they think that are they proposing this rule to not make it misuse or abuse they should find out the percentage of people who are suffering from it. How to cite Legal and Political Aspects of the Business, Essay examples

Dormitory database design free essay sample

Introduction A database is an organized collection of data for one or more purposes, usually in digital form. The data are typically organized to model relevant aspects of reality (for example, the availability of rooms in hotels), in a way that supports processes requiring this information. The term database is correctly applied to the data itself, and is different from the DBMS which is a software system that allows to store and change the data. 1.General View of the Database 1.2. Aim of the Database The University of Bogazici needs to improve the database information of student dormitory, the details are: 1. The University has three floors. Each floor has six houses. Each houses contains two rooms.Each Room in first and second floor has six student while third floor has four student in each room. 2. There are three types of staffs who responsible for the student.They are three security, one manager and three teacher. We will write a custom essay sample on Dormitory database design or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3. There are three types of service in the dormitory; chef to cook meal for the students, laundry to wash and iron the student uniform and cleaning.There are 3 chef and laundry service and also 6 cleaning service. 1.3. View of the Dormitory 2.Tables 2.1. House This table holds HouseID and gender informaton. According to this table: *Girls stay in 100, 101, 102, 200, 201, 202,300 ,301 ,302 Houses. *Boys stay in 103,104,105,203,204,205,303,304,305 Houses. 2.3.Payment Types This Table holds information about payment that student charge for. Payment types can change according to air conditioning and number of people stay in rooms.For Example if you want to stay in 4 person room with air conditioning , you have to pay 350 TL per month. 2.4.Room This Table holds information about is there any air conditioning in room or not and also what is the capacity of room. 2.5.Room Service This Table holds information about which room takes which services. 2.6.Salary This Table holds information about montly salaries of service and staff who responsible for dormitory. 2.7.Service This Table holds information about service personnel’s name surname and photos. 2.8.Staff This Table holds information about staff’s name surname and photos. 2.9.Student This Table holds all of the information(name,surname,birthdate,city,phone,gender,houseID and roomID) about students who stay in dormitory. 3.Queries 3.1.Age Student Finds the ages of the each student. 3.2.Alphabetical List of Students Sorts students according to alphabetic order. 2.3.Delete a Student Ä °f you enter student ID you want to delete, you can find and delete the related record easily. 2.4.CrossTab City Order How many student who stay in each room comes from same city.For example in house100 there are 5 student comes from istanbul. 2.5.Parameter Query When you enter a houseID such as 102 ,103 or 305 , rooms and students in these Houses are displayed.For example I entered 302 as houseID. Display students who stays in 302 . 2.6.Quarterly Student Birth Finds students’ quarterly birthdate with a crosstab query. 2.7.Room with Price Charges and details for each room. 2.8.Select Query Displays names between [A-K]* and female ones. 2.9.Service and Staff Salaries Displays salaries of each staff and service personnel. 2.10.Service Type Which person is responsible for which service(laundry cleaning or chef) 2.11.Student According to city It is a parameter query which holds city information.Ä °f you enter AydÄ ±n,for example, you will see student detail who comes from AydÄ ±n. 2.12.Ten Oldest Students This query was made by SQL codes. SELECT TOP 10 Student.StudentID, Student.FirstName, Student.LastName, Student.Gender, Student.Birthdate FROM Student ORDER BY Student.Birthdate; 2.13.Update Payment for Rooms Updates payments for each room using a formula IIf([Capacity]=6;IIf([Air]=Yes;2;1);IIf([Air]=Yes;3;4)) 2.14.Update Salary Ten Percent When you enter a department you want to increase salary,it will be increased by ten percent. 4.Forms 4.1.Salary Chart Display salaries as pies 4.2.Room Service Room information with tab control of students and service types. 4.3.Staff Information Holds information details about staffs and resposibilities. 4.4. Student Student informations and command buttons. 4.5.Tabular Student Information Student details as tabular order. 4.6.RoomService subform Subforms: They were used in related forms as a subform. 4.7.HouseStaff subform

Adverbs of Frequency Sentence Placement

Adverbs of Frequency Sentence Placement Adverbs of frequency tell us how often something happens/is the case, happened/was the case, will happen/will be the case, etc. There are lots of them. Here are some examples: always - Peter is always getting into trouble.usually - They usually get their work done on time.frequently - My sister frequently goes shopping in Seattle.rarely - They rarely ask questions about the homework. Most Common Adverbs of Frequency The most common adverbs of frequency in English in order from most often to least often: always - He always does his homework.usually - They usually complete the work on time.often - I often watch movies online.sometimes - Jack sometimes comes over for dinner.  occasionally - She occasionally asks a question.rarely - They rarely have any homework.never - I never complain at work.   Where Do They Appear in the Sentence? Word order can be confusing with adverbs of frequency. Here are different rules for placement in sentences. 1. In a Sentence With One Verb If the sentence has one verb in it (e.g. no auxiliary verb) we usually put the adverb in the middle of the sentence, i.e. after the subject and before the verb: subject / adverb / verb / predicate Tom usually goes to work by car.Mary often asks me for help.   2.  Usually After the Verb Be The adverb usually comes after the verb be: subject / verb / adverb / predicate Tom is often late.Anne isnt usually sick.Peter isnt always right. This is not the case if we put the adverb at the beginning or end of the sentence for emphasis. This rule also does not apply to short answers: Is she usually on time?Tell her not to be late.Yes, she usually is.She never is. The rule is broken in other cases too, e.g. Conversation 1 Speaker A: What are you doing here? Shouldnt you be at school?Speaker B: I normally am at school at this time, but my teacher is ill.   Conversation 2 Speaker A: Youre late again!Speaker B: usually am late on Mondays because the traffic is so bad. Conversation 3 Speaker A: Tom is late again!Speaker B: Tom usually is late.   3. In a Sentence With More Than One Verb If the sentence has more than one verb in it (e.g. auxiliary verb) we usually put the adverb after the first part of the verb: subject / helping verb or modal / adverb / main verb / predicate I can never remember his name.Anne doesnt usually smoke.The children have often complained about the playground facilities. Exception: In sentences with have to the adverb is in position A: subject / adverb / have to / main verb / predicate We often have to wait for the bus.She never has to do any housework.They sometimes have to stay after class.   4. When Using for Emphasis For emphasis, we can put the adverb at the beginning or end of the sentence. At the end is unusual - we usually only put it there when we have forgotten to put it in earlier. adverb / subject / main verb / predicate Sometimes we go to school by bus.Often he waits for her after class.Usually, Peter arrives early for work. or subject / main verb / predicate / adverb We go to school by bus sometimes.They like to watch TV often.Jennifer buys a new car rarely. Exceptions: Always cant go at the beginning or end of the sentence. Never, seldom, rarely cant go at the end of a sentence. They only go at the beginning of a sentence in polemic statements. Then they have to be followed by the word order for questions: Never has there been a better time to overcome our differences.Rarely do we have an opportunity like this.Seldom had the orchestra given a worse performance.   5. In Question Form When using adverbs of frequency in the question form, put the adverb before the main verb. auxiliary verb / subject / adverb / main verb / predicate Do you often go to the cinema?Did he sometimes leave the classroom?Do they usually come late to class? Exceptions: Never, seldom, rarely and other adverbs of frequency with a negative sense are not usually used in the question form. 6. In the Negative Form When using adverbs of frequency in the negative form, put the adverb before the main verb. subject / helping verb / adverb / main verb / predicate They dont often go to the cinema.She doesnt usually wait for an answer.Peter doesnt normally want to come with us.   Exceptions: Never, seldom, rarely and other adverbs of frequency with a negative sense are not usually used in the negative form.

Chalchiuhtlicue - Aztec Goddess of Rivers and Oceans

Chalchiuhtlicue - Aztec Goddess of Rivers and Oceans Chalchiuhtlicue (Chal-CHEE-ooh-tlee-quay), whose name means She of the Jade Skirt, was the Aztec goddess of water as it collects on the earth, such as rivers and oceans, and so was considered by the Aztecs the patroness of navigation. She was one of the most important deities, as protector of childbirth and newborns. Chalchiuhtlicue was linked to the rain god Tlaloc, in some sources as his wife and feminine counterpart. In others, she is Tlalocs sister and some scholars suggest she was Tlaloc himself in a separate guise. She was also associated with the Tlaloques, Tlalocs brothers or perhaps their children. In some sources, she is described as the wife of the Aztec god of fire god Huehueteotl-Xiuhtecuhtli. She is also associated with different mountains in different Aztec communities. All rivers come from the mountains in the Aztec universe, and the mountains are like jars (ollas) filled with water, that spring from the womb of the mountain and wash down to water and protect the people. A Watery Rule According to the Spanish conquistador and priest Fray Diego Duran, Chalchiuhtlicue was universally revered by the Aztecs. She governed the waters of the oceans, springs, and lakes, and as such she appeared in both positive and negative guises. She was seen as a positive source who brought full irrigation canals for growing maize  when she was associated with the corn goddess Xilonen. When displeased, she brought empty canals and drought and was paired with the dangerous snake goddess Chicomecoatl. She was also known for creating whirlpools and big storms making water navigation tricky. She was also the goddess who ruled over and destroyed the previous world, known in the Aztec mythology as the Fourth Sun, the Mexica version of the Deluge Myth. The Aztec universe was based on the Legend of the Five Suns, which said that before the current world (the Fifth Sun), the various gods and goddesses made four attempts to create versions of the world and then destroyed them in order. The fourth sun (called Nahui Atl Tonatiuh or 4 Water) was ruled by Chalchiutlicue as a world of water, where fish species were marvelous and abundant. After 676 years, Chalchiutlicue destroyed the world in a cataclysmic flood, transforming all the humans into fish. Chalchiuhtlicues Festivals As the partner of Tlaloc, Chalchiuhtlicue pertained to the Aztec group of gods supervising water and fertility. To these deities was dedicated a series of ceremonies called Atlcahualo, which lasted the entire month of February. During these ceremonies, the Aztecs performed many rituals, usually on the mountain tops, where they sacrificed children. For the Aztec religion, the tears of children were considered good omens for abundant rain. The festival month of February dedicated to Chalchiuhtlicue was the sixth month of the Aztec year called Etzalcualiztli. It took place during the rainy season when the fields were beginning to ripen. The festival was conducted in and around the lagoons, with some objects ritually deposited within the lagoons. The festival involved fasting, feasting, and auto-sacrifice on the part of the priests, and the human sacrifice of war captives, women, and children some of which were dressed in the costume of Chalchiuhtlicue and Tlaloc. Offerings included maize, the blood of quail birds and resins made of copal and latex. Children were also sacrificed to Chalchiuhtlicue at the height of the dry season just before the rains were due; during the festivals dedicated to Chalchiuhtlicue and Tlaloc, a young boy would be sacrificed to Tlaloc on a mountaintop outside of Tenochtitlan, and a young girl would be drowned in Lake Texcoco at Pantitlan, where whirlpools were known to occur. Chalchiuhtlicues Images The goddess Chalchiuhtlicue is often illustrated in the pre-Columbian and colonial period books called codices as wearing a blue-green skirt, as her name illustrates, from which flows a long and abundant stream of water. Sometimes new-born children are portrayed floating in this water flow. She has black lines on her face and usually wears a jade nose-plug. In Aztec sculpture and portraits, her statues and images are often carved out of jade or other green stones. She is occasionally shown wearing Tlalocs mask. The allied Nahuatl word chalchihuitl means drop of water and sometimes refers to jade. The word is also used in connection with Tlalocs goggles, which may themselves be a symbol of water. In the Codex Borgia, Chalchiuhtlicue is wearing a serpent headdress and dress ornaments with the same markings as Tlaloc, and her half-moon nose ornament is the serpent itself, marked with stripes and dots. Sources Edited and updated by K. Kris Hirst. Almere Read K, and Gonzalez JJ. 2000. Mesoamerican Mythology: A Guide ot the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs of Mexico and Central America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Berdan FF. 2014. Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory. New York: Cambridge University Press.Brundage BC. 1983. The Fifth Sun: Aztec Gods, Aztec Worlds. Austin: University of Texas Press.Carlson JB. 2015. The Maya Deluge Myth and Dresden Codex Page 74. In: Dowd AS, and Milbrath S, editors. Cosmology, Calendars, and Horizon-Based Astronomy in Ancient Mesoamerica. Boulder: University Press of Colorado. p 197-226.Garza Gà ³mez I. 2009. De Calchiuhtlicue, Diosa de rà ­os, lagunas y manantiales. El Tlacuache: Patrimonio de Morelos 2009:1-4.Heyden D. 1983. Water symbols and eye rings in the Mexican codices. Indiana 8:41-56.Leon-Portilla M, and Davis JE. 1963. Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Nahuatl Mind. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Taube K. 1993. Aztec and Maya Myths. Fourth Edition. Universi ty of Texas Press, Austin, Texa.s Van Tuerenhout DR. 2005. The Aztecs. New Perspectives, ABC-CLIO Inc. Santa Barbara, CA; Denver, CO and Oxford, England.

About movieHome Alone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

About movieHome Alone - Essay Example The 103 minutes long movie is highly entertaining and justifies its tremendous success with its top position in the box office rating for 12 straight weeks. The plot is a dream come true fantasy for children. Kevin McCallister is accidentally left behind during the Christmas when his family rushes to catch their flight for Paris where they are to celebrate Christmas with friends and relatives. While the family realizes the faux pas only when they are airborne, Kevin is delighted to find himself all alone at home. His mother, Kate remains at Paris airport to catch the first flight for home and after much ado she finally reaches Chicago to be reunited with her son. Meanwhile, Kevin is having a gala time, enjoying all the things which were earlier forbidden like watching TV, eating junk food etc. The movie takes a turn for more riotous comedy when Kevin thwarts the intentions of two burglars who come to rob the McCallister home by playing mischievous pranks which are the highlights of the film. The film is a light comedy which a family can enjoy with unadulterated fun. It is realistic in the dreams that children would like to come true because all children just wish that their parents would disappear so that they can do what they want and have fun all day without any parental control. At the same time, it must have been nostalgic for some adults who had such fun playing pranks as Kevin had done in the film. At the same time, the elaborate planning and booby traps made by eight year old Kevin look too good to be true (Goldberg, 2000). But overall, the film was a huge success because it was fantasy filled comic play of shenanigans that children love. Even though the mischiefs are a little overboard, the director had succeeded in capturing the attention of the target audience. Smith (2013) has correctly summed up the film as it ‘showed kids an irresistible world stripped of parental control’. It was

Supreme Court Winery Decision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supreme Court Winery Decision - Essay Example It is plausible to note that the ruling destroyed the distribution chain by the wine fabricating companies including chain stores, wholesalers, and retailers (Bravin A1). The system reduced benefits since it boosts unemployment in the United States. Although the decision might create a new market niche for the country’s products, the benefits are enjoyed at the expense of collapse of local infant/inefficient industries. Kantianism suggests that although some actions could bring about more happiness than the others could, there is a possibility of being prohibited. Based on this principle, the Supreme Court ruling was morally upright since it encouraged equality, transparency, and fairness in the market. In fact, if all states and countries could act and emulate the earlier ruling, then globalization together with its benefits could be a nightmare. There is the essence of collaboration and competition in the market, which benefits all market participants. The earlier law did not respect the goals of the human being but rather was used to protect the local industries and presumed consumption of alcohol by young Americans. According to Kantianism theory, the moral of an action does not depend on whether the presumed action is wrong or right on their consequences, but rather on whether such action fulfills its duty (Bravin A6). Out-of-state wineries can still conduct online businesses with their customers in a socially accepted manner. Tax is a fundamental ingredient to the government that assures benefits to the greatest majorities. In this perspective, online out-of-sale wineries would be considered dealing in a moral perspective only if they contribute a significant amount of the profits as tax to the government to support the establishment and creation of public goods.  

The Impact of Sporting Events on Stock Markets Essay

The Impact of Sporting Events on Stock Markets - Essay Example If however the overall mood in the country is elated it often reflects in investment decisions and in return in the stock markets. At the advent of any mega sporting contest there is an increase in economic activity in the host country. Months before the event actually start, stadiums are built or renovated, roads are paved, investment is made in horticulture and in general a lot of hustle and bustle takes place. This way the major beneficiaries include developers, building material, engineering and construction companies. Sportswear and sporting equipment vendors enjoy amplified sales. Weeks prior to the event, air fares shoot up, hotel occupancy rises, restaurants get more business and in some cases, even cell phone companies enjoy greater sales and when the event actually starts consumer companies in general gain. In addition to this, media related revenues pick up prior to such mega sporting events. Sponsorship rates, advertising charges all increase promoting the media industry as a whole. In the cricket crazy nations of the Indian Subcontinent 75% of the sports-related advertising revenues are generated through cricket events1. In major sporting contests like Olympics and Soccer world cup, awarding or winnng the contest can greatly affect national pride. In the Indian Subcontinent, a cricket match of the World Cup between arch rivals India and Pakistan, can tremendously effect the general public's mood. The matches seem more like mini wars. The entire country backs its national team and so it can alleviate the investor mood therefore when his team wins, his self-confidence rises and so does his willingness to undertake new investments, and a loss may results in lower self-confidence and a curb new investment activity. One of the major events in the sporting industry, Olympics, strongly effect economic activity in the host country. . If we go back in history and look at the past 11 Olympics, the local index of the host country has risen 25 percent on average in the 12 months before the Games year. Table 12 indicates stock market performance in the year prior to the games among the six most recent Olympics hosts1 Year Host Country Index Impact (%) 1984 USA S&P 17 1988 Korea Kospi 90 1992 Spain IBEX 33 1996 USA S&P 33 2000 Australia ASX 14 2004 Greece ASE 29 Research by Edmans (2006) indicates that losses in critical soccer matches, elimination from the World Cup tournament is linked with a next-day return on the national stock market index that is 38 basis points lower than average. Similar losses are also seen in other sports like cricket, rugby and basketball but the impact is minor in size. Research by Wann (1994) shows that if teams perform well, their fans show a strong positive reaction and a similar negative reaction when the reverse is the case. Such mood swings may effect the stock market index. The decision of where a major sporting tournament will take place also holds significance. In 2006, South African stocks nose dived when the world soccer governing body FIFA declared Germany as the hosts of the tournament. This was primarily because majority of the South Africans believed that their country would be awarded the honor of hosting the World Cup. The general gloom in the country was reflected in the stock market. Subsequently, stocks in the building and industrial sector, construction

The Definition Of Sustainability Engineering Essay

The Definition Of Sustainability Engineering Essay A Sustainable development is a development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet there own needs. The natural environment is the source of all substances that sustain human life on this planet and is also an invaluable sink for our wastes. Because of this it is vital that it doesnt get worn out or become unusable. This is where sustainability comes into play. With the right techniques, measurement and implementation of policy or even law, we, as a race, can act in a sustainable manner and take what we need from the planet without causing it harm. This can be applied from the biggest city down to the smallest design project. (Sustainable development for engineers. Karel Mulder) The History of Sustainability The idea of sustainability as we know it emerged in a series of summits and reports during the 1970s and 1980s. The UN Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment, in the year 1972, marked the first great international meeting on how human activities and treatment of the earth were harming the environment and putting the human race at risk. The 1980 World Conservation Strategy promoted the idea of environmental protection in the self-interest of the human race and in the interest of the planet. The Brundtland report said that the halting of economic development was not a feasible option, but it must change to work with the planets ecological limits. It also popularized the term sustainable development (http://www.sustreport.org/background/history.html). It was the World Commission on Environment and Development that brought the idea of sustainable development into broader dissertation. Saying this, it was not until the UN Conference for Environment and Development and the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, that the concept was spotlighted on the centre stage of the GPPD (global public policy debate). Our Common Future was the third in a long list of reports to focus attention and discussion in the world scientific community. The interest in sustainability that thrived during that time period was accelerated by a series of incidents and discoveries, such as the leak of poisonous gas from a chemical plant (Bhopal, India), the hole in the Antarctic ozone layer, the explosion and radioactive release (Chernobyl, Ukraine), leaking toxic chemical dumps, such as Love Canal and worry and conflict over decreasing natural resources (e.g forests and fisheries). This has led us to where we stand today on the topic of sustainability and its ever growing need to be properly measured, implemented and sustained in our developments and advances (http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwt.nsf/db900SID/LHON-68ZJDP/$File/Introducing_Sustainable%20_Development_Introduction.pdf?OpenElement). Why do we need Sustainability? The easiest answer is that unsustainable societies collapse. Easter Island and the Maya in Central America are just some example of its importance. These were once powerful societies but they came apart and collapsed because they used there resources relentlessly until they eventually couldnt function as they used to and became victims of devolution. And how does this relate to modern day society? Its all around us, global warming due to our industrial activities, the impending oil/energy crisis due to our dependency and lack of effective, sustainable alternatives and the general breakdown of social conscience through globalisation. It is vital that human kind becomes largely (Sustainable development for engineers. Karel Mulder) sustainable to combat these challenges and continue progressing as a race. This kind of sustainability cannot be achieved at once and starts from the basic building blocks of society upwards. This means that each new project thats undertaken should be require d by law, or at least strong policy, to comply with sustainability standards. This is the area that will be focused on in this project, evaluating the sustainability of a design project. This starts with examining the policies that are in place in certain countries/counties and considering the unification of these policies to provide a world wide standard (Rough guide to sustainability. Brian Edwards). Also the way in which sustainability is measured is an area of research which is of vital importance. Without proper measurement, sustainability will never be implemented properly and to full effect. The methods of measuring sustainability will also be studied to determine if its possible to improve on the measuring systems already present. This will take the form of an evaluation matrix to measure the sustainability of a design project. Basis of Sustainability As we enter the 21st centuary, the concerns over the environment and its values that took root in the 1960s have brought into clear focus an awarness of the earths fragility as a natural system. Sustainable development implies a redefinition and review of concepts such as wealth, production and interest. The basic need of sustainability is co-operation and international agreement. In an ideal system, economic theory should find a method of including assets of nature and human development into its equations. Although it is not possible to layout the definition of a fully sustainable society as a situation to aim for, there are some basic principals that can be examined: The consumption of resources should be minimized. Consumption of non-renewable materials should be phased out. Renewable materials and energy sources should be the preferred choice. One should not just contribute to the private good, but to the common good also. The question is asked in many of the articles provided on the web, Can we afford sustainability? After a minor amount of study the answer is clearly, we have no choice. If society continues on the road it has taken then the human race is facing chaos and decline. There is no alternative to sustainable development (Sustainable development for engineers. Karel Mulder). Sources of Non-Sustainability As it stands the planet is rife with sources of unsustainability and this is, at last, coming under some strong scrutiny. Apart from population stabilization, five common but quantifiable criteria for sustainability are recommended, including: 1: The stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. 2: The stabilization of acidity in rainfall. 3: The reduction of wasteful uses of heavy metals to natural enlistment rates. 4: The abolition of agriculture based on pumping fossil water from non-renewable sources/aquifers 5: The eradication of loss of arable land because of erosion or salination. Other measures, such as the preservation of biodiversity, might be added to the list. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL_udi=B6VDY-3Y2MYGC-C_user=906470_coverDate=03%2F31%2F1996_rdoc=1_fmt=high_orig=search_origin=search_sort=d_docanchor=view=c_searchStrId=1489005091_rerunOrigin=scholar.google_acct=C000047746_version=1_urlVersion=0_userid=906470md5=55b4d1a71740ab0900429fdcc5168d36searchtype=a) Unsustainable actions/activities can be defined as those that: require a constant usage of non-renewable resources or use a greater amount of natural resources than the earth can generate, are the source of degradation to the environment, require such large quantities that they will not be available for future generations, push species towards the point of no return or extinction, actions that promote or stimulate selfishness and actions that create the risk of a disaster. This particular point of the study does seem to extend beyond the reach of the project title but it is important to have a broad understanding of sustainability and its challenges before the m ore intricate areas of its evaluation are tackled (Sustainable development for engineers. Karel Mulder). Measuring Sustainability CEEQUAL Introduction CEEQUAL is an assessment and awards scheme for improving sustainability in civil engineering and public realm projects. Its original title was the Civil Engineering Environmental Quality Assessment and Award Scheme. It is based in the united kingdom and is promoted by the ICE (institution of civil engineers) The method is most commonly used for the assessment of large scale projects. It was originally developed by a team led by the ICE and supported by the institutions RD enabling fund and the UK government. It is based on a self-assessment carried out by a trained CEEQUAL Assessor that is then externally and autonomously verified by a CEEQUAL-appointed Verifier. Its objective is to promote the achievement of environmental excellence in civil engineering, and thereby deliver improved environmental and social performance in project specification, design and construction. (http://www.ceequal.com/how.htm) How does CEEQUAL work? The scheme assesses performance across 12 areas of environmental and social importance. The assessment is made up of 200 questions which are contained in the CEEQUAL Manual relating to social and environmental aspects of a project such as the use of water, energy, land, impacts on ecology, landscape, neighbors, archaeology and waste minimization and management as well as community relations and amenity. It rewards project teams in which designers, clients and constructors go beyond the legal and environmental minimum standard to achieve distinguishing levels environmental and social standards. (CEEQUAL PDF) It basically determines how well a project team has dealt with environmental and social issues in work the work being carried out. When used during the design and construction phases, the CEEQUAL assessment is more than likely going to have a positive influence on the projects social and environmental performance. The organization that registers receives a copy of the latest versi on of the CEEQUAL manual and also a scoring spreadsheet for the category of award applied for. A CEEQUAL assessor then carries out an assessment on the project and scores the project accordingly. This assessor will have been trained at a CEEQUAL Assessor training course and also will have his assessment verified by an appointed CEEQUAL verifier. It is always best to carry out the assessment as the project progresses. This allows supporting evidence to be collected alongside the design and construction phases and leads to an overall result which is more accurate and reliable. Based on the assessment an award is allocated to the project, whether it be the client, the designer or the contractor, or all three. (http://www.ceequal.com/about.htm#how) Awards CEEQUAL provides the civil engineering industry with an incentive and set of rules for assessing, benchmarking and labeling the sustainability performance of projects as part of the industrys contribution to sustainable development. This set of rules leads to the proper assessment of the design project and assigns an appropriate award based on the projects performance. The awards available in the assessment method are as follows: The Whole Project Award (WPA), applied for jointly by or on behalf of the Client, Designer and Principal Contractor. The WPA with an Interim Client Design Award (the stage in the design process at which the Interim Assessment is undertaken can be chosen by the applicant to best suit their needs and procurement process). The Client Design Award, applied for jointly by the Client and Designer. The Design-Only Award, applied for by only the principal Designer. The Construction-Only Award, applied for only by the Principal Contractor. Design Construction Award for project teams that do not include the client, on design construct and other partnership contracts. The award achieved at the end of the day is reliant on the score awarded to the project after the assessment. (CEEQUAL PDF) Objectives of CEEQUAL The objectives of the CEEQUAL Scheme are: To recognise the achievement of good, very good or excellent environmental and social standards in civil engineering and public realm projects. To promote and advertise enhanced sustainability performance in project specification, design and construction To create a climate of environmental awareness and continuous improvement in the industry. In essence, CEEQUAL is: a tool for Project Teams to assess how well they have dealt with the environmental and many social issues on their projects, a mechanism for having those assessments externally and independently verified and recognition gained, an evidence-based assessment, not an assertion-based assessment, a question set that can be used by Project Teams as a checklist to significantly influence the development of design and/or construction management made as a project progresses from concept to completion.

A Christmas Carol - short review :: Free Essay Writer

A Christmas Carol - short review A Christmas Carol was published on 17th December 1843 in Victorian England. Victorian England was not a very nice place to live and Charles Dickens didn’t have the best childhood; his father was a clerk who was taken away from him and imprisoned when he was 12. Some people say this was how he became such a good writer – from all the problems he had as a child. England was a horrible place during these times – for example, there was child labour, where people got children to clean their chimneys as they were small enough, but it turned out the soot from the chimneys was carcinogenic, meaning it activated cancerous cells. There was also the Poor Law Act, which meant if you had lost an arm and were unable to work you had no way of gaining money. People also believed that you had to have money to be gentleman. There was the class system that meant if you were born into a working class family you would often die in a working class family – there were few chances to become rich and famous. Dickens often looked at life as a child; for example in Oliver Twist, David Copperfield and Great Expectations. This could be one of the reasons that Dickens chose A Christmas Carol to be at Christmas, as he thought it would appeal to the child in everyone. Many people believed that Dickens wasn’t just someone who wanted to make money, even though he was a workaholic. What he really wanted to do was to provoke authority to take responsibility for the problems that people were having in the country and Christmas was the best time of the year to do this. Dickens’ use of imagery in the novel gives a great sense of surroundings and what Scrooge and all the ghosts look like. For example, here is a line from A Christmas Carol, that is just about the weather, â€Å"It was cold, bleak biting weather; foggy withal; and he could hear the people in the court outside, go wheezing up and down, beating their hand upon their breasts, and stamping their feet upon the pavement stones to warm them.† Smiles and metaphors help us to portray and compare images in our heads and Dickens does this very well throughout the book. In A Christmas Carol, Scrooge is the novel’s protagonist. We know this as everything in the book has some sort of connection with him. In the novel Scrooge is represented as a misanthropist, i.e. a person who hates his fellow men. This kind of novel where a person changes

Cash Pooling

Name: Dina Mohanna Rbea’an Subject: Cash Pooling Supervisor: Dr. Nasser Abu Mustafa University: NYIT? Cash Management: Cash pooling Abstract The role of the corporate cash manager has been continuously revised over the past few years, as a result of the demand for more effective and efficient ways to support the core needs of the organization. This has resulted in new responsibilities for the corporate treasurer and cash manager. The cash management function is demanding more accurate and continuous information on its cash position to provide responsive forecasting data and handling, so that availability of liquidity at the right time and price can be ensured. So this paper studies the Cash Management concept and focus on the cash pooling and whether it’s applied in the Middle East. Introduction The objectives of cash management are straightforward – maximise liquidity and control cash flows and maximise the value of funds while minimising the cost of funds. The strategies for meeting such objectives include varying degrees of long-term planning requirements. Also, like everywhere in the world, much treasury activity in the organizations is concentrated on cash management. This includes financing the corporation, administration of debts (loans, bonds, commercial papers, etc. ), good relationships with the banks, payments to suppliers and collections from customers, control of foreign currency and interest positions according to the company’s needs for finance, and finally the reporting and technical support of all these functions. The use of cash pooling as a global standard for concentrating cash into the main bank account of the firm has very quickly found favour in corporations. Cash pooling enables corporate groups to minimize expenditure incurred in connection with banking facilities through economies of scale. Under a cash pooling arrangement, entities within a corporate group regularly transfer their surplus cash to a single bank account (the â€Å"master accountâ€Å") and, in return, may draw on the funds in that account to satisfy their own cash flow requirements from time to time. The master account is usually held by the parent company or by a â€Å"Treasury Company â€Å"established specifically for this purpose. Depending on the type of cash pooling arrangement, the participating entities may transfer either their entire cash surplus (â€Å"zero balancingâ€Å"), or cash exceeding a certain surplus level (â€Å"target balancingâ€Å"). In general, all entities participating in the cash pooling arrangement will be liable for any negative balance on the master account, irrespective of the amount they have contributed. Transfers and draw-downs of funds to and from the master account by the participating companies have the nature of the grant and repayment of intra-group loans. In addition to physical cash pooling there is also â€Å"notionalâ€Å"(also known as â€Å"virtualâ€Å") cash pooling. This does not involve the physical transfer of funds, but rather the set-off of balances of different companies within the group, so that the bank charges interest on the group‘s net cash balance. This optimizes the position of the group as regards interest payments, but does not achieve optimal allocation of liquid funds as between the group members. Notional cash pooling will not result in the creation of intra-group loans, since funds are not physically transferred. As such, many of the risks outlined in this brochure do not apply to a purely notional cash pooling arrangement. In practice however, a notional cash pooling arrangement will frequently involve the grant of cross-guarantees and security by the participants to the bank, in order to maximize the available overdraft facility. To this extent, many of the risks outlined in this article could be relevant, even if the cash pooling arrangement is predominantly notional in nature. The specific structure of individual cash pooling arrangements can vary. For example, transfers to the master account may be undertaken by each participating group member individually or may instead be undertaken automatically by the bank on the basis of a power of attorney given by the relevant group company. In addition to the facility agreement with the respective bank, each participating group company will usually enter into â€Å"cash pooling agreementâ€Å". These agreements must be carefully structured in order to minimize the risks of civil or criminal liability of the participating group companies and their officers. Tax issues must also be carefully considered when structuring cash pooling agreements. Types of cash pooling Banks generally offer the following types of cash pooling: ?zero-balancing cash pooling, ?notional cash pooling, ?multicurrency cash pooling, ?Cross-border cash pooling. ?Zero -balancing cash pooling : Real cash pooling is based on a transfer from bank accounts to a master account, with balances on all bank accounts except the master account being zero at the end of the working day. It means this money physically ‘moves’ from the junior accounts to the master account. Real cash pooling requires companies to keep careful records of cash transfers, interest received and paid, and records of investments. Structure of a â€Å"Zero-Balancing-Pool† ?National pooling: Requires a company’s subsidiaries to use branches of the same bank, usually in the same country; although with the adoption of the euro, single-currency cross-border pooling has become rather common in Europe. All the excess and deficit balances in the company’s subsidiary accounts are summed each day to calculate the net interest earned or due. Funds are not actually transferred; rather, they are simply totalled for the purpose of calculating interest. Banks usually require credit facilities to support any deficit balances in the pool. National pooling generally requires extensive cross-guarantees among subsidiaries which many companies find very difficult to implement. Some countries disallow national pooling . among them are the United States, Germany, Mexico, Japan and Brazil. In countries where national pooling is not allowed, the zero balance pooling method must be used. Structure of â€Å" National pooling† ?Multicurrency cash pooling: Bank account balances in different foreign currencies are swapped to one agreed currency, which is the base for the interest rate calculations. ?Cross-border cash pooling Cross-border cash pooling helps corporations avoid the bureaucracy intrinsic to transferring cash across countries and different clearing systems, as well as different legal entities and the headache associated with the additional inter-company loan administration. While there is a selection of solutions in the marketplace, most of these operate on an interest enhancement basis where corporations are rewarded for servicing their liquidity through their chosen bank, but the bank is unable to achieve a balance sheet offset due to the complexity of multiple jurisdictional and regulatory barriers. Czech banks now offer cross-border pooling, both notional and real, for accounts in the domestic Czech koruna, euro, US dollar, Central European currencies (such as in the Slovak koruna, Hungarian forint and Polish zloty) and pound. These principles are used both in the Czech Republic and in the rest of Europe, and are therefore similar; any differences are the result of the legal requirements of each country. As mentioned above, the Czech Commercial Code does not recognise anything like ‘concern’ or a product like cash pooling. It is necessary to fulfil several conditions to prevent problems concerning taxation and reporting to minority shareholders. It is practically impossible to implement a cash pooling agreement between companies without a majority share. It is normal practice that a cash pooling system has to be agreed by a general meeting of the company and there is a strict requirement for signed control agreements. Sometimes, it is necessary to change the company articles of incorporation. †¢Reasons of Cash pooling : Reduction of financing costs on group level, -Improvement of investment-deposits by using economies of scale, -Simplification of liquidity-management on domestic level, -Reduction of expenses for financial intermediaries through centralization, -Improvement of planning cash flows through coordination of financial cycles, -Optimization of your financial image by decreasing external financing and better use of internal financial potentials, -Break-Even at about EUR 200'000 permanent liabilities on the accounts. Cash management in the Middle East: As in the rest of the world, cash management in the Middle East is benefiting from automation. How is this affecting different sizes of corporate, and what does the future hold in this area? The Middle East region, which includes countries like UAE, Oman and Qatar, has kept pace with the growth in such business ambitions and cash management is also not to be left out of this race to riches, as businesses continually explore opportunities to make more money, more profits and reduce costs. The excellent growth climate in countries like UAE, fuelled by ambitions and visions of the rulers and the business community, has resulted in opportunities, growth of infrastructure, access to international and other funds through opening up and freehold real estates, trading environments, the presence of more ‘free zones', creating a healthy and open competition for the survival and growth of the fittest, etc Multi-national corporate Middle East, especially the UAE, has recently seen an influx of many multi-national companies (MNCs) setting up their regional offices, treasury offices, marketing offices, etc. n UAE and managing the global operations. To attract such MNCs into the region, financial and general free zones plus offshore financial centers have sprung up everywhere with the intentions of inviting the best of MNCs to come and have their shops opened in these countries. The absence of tax regimes has added to the attraction in these markets. These companies typically need 24 hour Internet access, sweeping and pooling of funds and balances across banks and branches, competitive FX and deposit rates, competitive temporary overnight overdraft interest rates and credit interest on overnight floats. The ideal location of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries in the global map, the growth of communication, infrastructure, Internet, etc. have led to the explosive growth of such companies in the region Local corporate GCC is predominantly dominated by a number of local corporate or companies or family owned businesses, which are typically owned by large local/national families of businessmen. Most of these families have very successful and historic track records and have been associates/local representatives/agents for most of multinational brands from all over the world. The local regulations for a sponsor from a national has been a great aid in ensuring that the multinationals tie up with these local corporate for mutual success of business lines. While the MNC does the production, transport, marketing support, service association, etc. , the Local Corporate typically takes the local marketing and sales realization risk, like any MNC agency. This combination of MNCs and local corporate has worked very well historically in the GCC with the result that there is a successful association of MNC brands and families in the GCC. In many of these countries, the lack of restrictions such as taxes, financial regulations to publish books of accounts and audit, etc. have made the operations of such corporate mostly family driven. Recently, and especially in the last four to five years, GCC business families have started expanding into other countries in the region and also into countries in East and North Africa and other parts of the world, where investments in assets and business yields good and long-term returns for the business houses. In other words, the local corporate have been the opposite of the MNCs coming and operating into the GCC, and typically such local corporate are slowly growing and reaching the sizes of MNCs, albeit the growth into other competitive countries like Singapore, UK, other parts of Europe and the US have been very limited or generally non-existent. Mid-sized trading companies GCC has been historically characterized by a host of mid-sized trading companies, thanks to the general economic growth, healthy competition, absence of taxes and rules regime and a general absence of governmental red tape. Today, people of most GCC nationalities could come and start a business in any of the Free Zones in their own name, or if they choose to partner a national, they can start the business anywhere in these countries, with very limited capital and resources. The laws and business conditions have been very conducive for the mushrooming growth of such mid-sized companies, which have thrived, in the general economic upswing in the Middle East. While it is extremely difficult to list out the number of these companies, it is generally felt among banking community that the number of mid-sized corporate or companies (along with the small and medium enterprises (SMEs)) might currently be in the region of 15,000 numbers in UAE alone. This brings an exciting opportunity for smart entrepreneurs who thrive on such opportunities as also for smart bankers who have built a portfolio of such assets and relationships. On the cash management front, such small companies do not have many demands except that they require immediate and urgent funds clearance, remittances for payments, overnight float interest, good interest rates for deposits, etc. Many of them are also computer or Internet savvy and would be happy to use such online services to transact with their banks. Small and medium-sized enterprises SMEs have been the sleeping giants in the GCC business world, but they have now woken up to be a mid-sized monster. While banks are repeatedly facing the ever-decreasing margins (be it in interest rates, commissions, charges or any form of income to the bank) in the MNC and large corporate segments, it is the SME that has come as the boon for the dwindling revenues of banks. SMEs have been the ideal examples for the usual risk philosophy of ‘higher the risk, higher the return'. SME segment today offers the highest interest rates and margins in terms of lending – sometimes as high as 600 to 800 basis points over LIBOR/DIBOR, not to mention the amount of charges and commission. The risks of such SMEs have been mastered by many banks to offer an excellent basket of spread-out lending while keeping an eye on high margins. These SMEs will be the lifeline of banks in the next six to 10 years, and I personally believe that among the corporate income of banks, SMEs will represent the largest amount of this income. They could represent 70-80% in four to five years from now. This is an educated guess on what may happen, based on what is happening today. †¢Economic overview: There has always been a strong correlation between crude oil prices and the state of the Middle Eastern economies. With oil receipts accounting for 90% of government revenues in several Gulf countries and public projects dominating the markets, economic growth is largely dependent on the local government's expansionary policies. In view of the oil industry's cyclical nature, governments have become cautious in planning their annual budgets. An IMF study revealed that the Middle East countries, which were the beneficiaries of windfall oil export revenues in 2000-01, are using these gains prudently so as to be well equipped to deal with any sudden fall in oil prices over next few years. In addition, the governments have recognised the importance of economic diversification, and are now encouraging economic activity in sectors other than oil. Much of this effort has gone into developing manufacturing, trading, and tourism. Figure 1: Regional Macroeconomic Data and Forecasts †¢Financial Environment: The Gulf countries offer some of the most liberal financial environments, with fully convertible currencies, stable exchange rates, minimal exchange controls, and nil-to-low tax regimes. The relative political stability and increased economic cooperation between regional countries are some of the positive developments that attract big players to look at the Middle East as a viable investment alternative. Many of the Middle East countries that carefully protected themselves against the threat of foreign investors for so long are now inviting foreign capital to diversify their economies. Even the highly conservative states, such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, are gradually extending investment and ownership rights to foreign nationals. Free-trade zones, which were pioneered by the UAE and are now a common feature of all Gulf countries, have been instrumental in providing sole ownership and control to foreign investors. Apart from simplified registration and licensing procedures, free-trade zones offer tax holidays and world-class infrastructure facilities; thus, they are attracting new investors. †¢Banking System: The banking activities in the Middle East are largely domestic. The financial sector is engaged in a whole range of activities, from traditional public sector-dominated banking to state-of-the-art project finance and investment banking. Some banks are starting to obtain ratings from international agencies to pave the way for a more regional role. The governments have also been attempting to strengthen the banking sector by recapitalizing the domestic banks and ensuring that international capital requirements are met. There is a move towards encouraging smaller banks to merge and to develop domestic capital markets. Overall, there are many ongoing reforms designed to develop a sound banking system. The banking system in the Middle East is relatively flexible, and allows the opening and operation of a wide variety of accounts. However, Oman, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia do place some restrictions. Details of possible account structures are given in Figure 2 below. †¢Clearing System: All the countries in the Middle East, except for Saudi Arabia and the UAE, have a manual clearing system. Saudi Arabia has a real-time settlement system called the Saudi Riyal Interbank Express (SARIE). The SARIE is capable of interfacing with the electronic banking platforms of clearing participants for the online settlement of transactions. In the UAE, the Central Bank has recently introduced a real-time gross settlement (RTGS) system to facilitate interbank payments. Some other regional countries are also considering introducing such systems. The settlement days for manual clearing depend on the local practices and the level of sophistication in each country. The average time to clear a local currency cheque ranges from one to three working days in major cities. Outstation cheques take anywhere from between five and 10 working days for realization. Foreign currency cheques take between five and 15 working days to clear. The lack of automated clearing and settlement systems has hampered the automation of payment services, such as high-volume and low-value payments. Banks have worked around this by accepting payment instructions electronically, and then effecting payment through cheque printing or bank-to-bank transfers. †¢Liquidity Management Products: The availability of several account types is further augmented by a liberal regulatory framework that supports the setting up of domestic and cross-border concentration and pooling structures. In Saudi Arabia, there are no explicit laws on various aspects of liquidity management set-ups. Egypt allows pooling and cash concentration between resident and non-resident accounts, and also between two different legal entities. Bahrain and the UAE also permit pooling and cash concentration among different legal entities. However, it is advisable to seek legal opinion before establishing a liquidity management structure. †¢Cash Management Overview: As the regional markets grow in sophistication, there is a corresponding need for corporate to improve their operational efficiency and cost competitiveness. Over the last year, several banks have introduced electronic banking services – both Internet and non-Internet based – to provide services ranging from simple account information to transaction automation. Despite the presence of the underlying framework, locally owned corporate have been slow to subscribe to electronic banking mainly due to fears of loss of control. Even multinational corporations (MNCs) have been unable to implement an efficient and integrated cash management system due to low volumes and a lack a full array of cash management products and services with the banks. Figure 2: Cash Management for the Middle Eas †¢Current Practice by Corporate, and Trends in Cash Management: The concept of cash management is fast catching on in the region. With an increasing number of companies looking beyond their domestic frontiers to sustain growth, there is a need to optimize costs and manage risk. While MNCs have the concept filtered down from their group offices, large professionally-managed domestic companies with a well-diversified portfolio are increasingly looking at cash management as an important risk management tool. In the Middle East, companies are looking at online banking information and the automation of transaction processing by the use of an integrated banking platform, preferably interfaced with their back office system. This trend is growing as companies adopt enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Cash management requirements among corporate vary depending on the size and nature of operations. MNCs and large corporate look for more comprehensive cash management tools involving non-resident accounts, interest-bearing deposit accounts, cross-border cash concentration, and notional pooling. Also, those corporate with clearly defined collection and payment processes perceive accounts payable as a non-core business activity and look to outsource these services to banks. Meanwhile, the huge middle-market corporate, which are not really geared towards full automation, are limited to piecemeal use of electronic banking services. Banks offer varied cash management services and product ranges. In general, the international banks, which have a better regional network and offer more sophisticated electronic banking platforms and domestic and cross-border liquidity mechanisms compared to domestic banks, are clearly the leaders in cash management business. Domestic banks score better on in-country branch networks †¢What Does the Future Hold For Cash Management in the Middle East? Direct debits: Wherein based on a standing debit authority, utility and other bills will be directly raised by utility companies to banks who will debit the customer account and pay. †¢Bulk upload of salaries to debit cards and withdrawals through ATMs specially located in customer premises. †¢Complete debtor/invoice payments follow up on behalf of customers to ensure that invoices are collected in time. †¢Complete and automatic link up of all payments for purchases/supplies, wherein banks will automatically pay for the purchases made by customers, based on invoice details uploaded automatically. Secured payment gateways between the top 100 to 200 companies in the world, wherein a global clearing player (could be a top class global bank) will act as a central clearing bank for such companies and any funds or payments for them will be routed through the clearing bank globally. †¢Conclusion: The economic stability and the world class infrastructure offered by the Middle East makes it an attractive destination for setting up of shared service centers (SSCs). Locations such as Bahrain and Dubai have already emerged as preferred centers for setting up of regional hubs covering the Middle East and some African countries. Banks in the region are waking up to the tremendous potential of e-banking, and are investing heavily in technology. The next few years present exciting times for the business and service providers, as the new and existing players gear up to meet the challenges being offered by the New Economy On corporate cash management in the GCC, V. P. Nagarajan, executive director at Emirates Trading Agency – Ascon Group says: â€Å"Corporate cash management is an important tool of corporate finance today and, as days pass by, cash management will be the centre point around which the functions of finance will revolve. If we have a financial crystal ball and look into the future, we can visualize a corporate cash manager juggling his financial resources across the world in a computer the size of his palm. At the press of a button, he will be traveling over the notional financial super highway (which should take about a few seconds to reach the other parts of the globe and the universe) for a virtual reality decision across. Some of the easier decisions in those days will be there will no physical currencies (saves a lot of printing and paper expenses), no multiple branches of banks (all of them will be operating from internet or computer driven global centers), and still there will be the cash management sales bankers who will come and try to sell what they do not have. † Hopefully corporate cash management will see a world of change as we move forward. †¢References: 1-http://www. gtnews. com/article/6920. fm Cash Management in the Middle East Rajeev Babel, HSBC Global Payments and Cash Management 2-http://www. gtnews. com/article/4172. cfmCash Management – The Middle East PerspectiveVenkatesan Thiagarajan, Barclays 3- Essentials of treasury management second edition (association for financial professional) . 4- De Gidlow, R. , Donovan, S. (2005), Cash Management Techniques. In: The Treasurer’s Handbook 2005, Act, London 5- Heezius, D. , Polak, P. (2006), Country Guide: The Czec h Republic. In: The Treasurer’s Handbook 2006, Act, London.

Should You Become a Truck Driver

Should You Become a Truck Driver Whether you’re contemplating a career change or are in the midst of a trucking program and having second thoughts, Smart-Trucking.com has some helpful advice to help you make your decision! Freedom of the RoadA crucial factor in whether you’ll enjoy trucking is where you’re able to drive- try to sign on with a company that has routes where you want to go! The truckers who blog over at Smart-Trucking still appreciate the scenery and beauty of our landscape. You also enjoy independence- checking in with your dispatcher or a family member may be all the talking you do in a day. And hey, for some, that’s exactly the right amount.Long Haul SkillsWhen you’re on the road for a long haul, there’s pretty much no choice but to develop your driving skills, adapt to weather and other challenging conditions, and get proficient in basic servicing for your vehicle. Maintaining your truck and your own sense of professionalism boost self-respect and can even translate to other career fields down the road.Residential FlexibilityAs long as the place you call home is on your route, you can live wherever you’d like as a trucker. This may be particularly compelling if you love small towns but know there’s not enough work to sustain you there. You won’t have to relocate or worry about your commute because the job is the commute!I hope this perspective helped clarify your stance. Is trucking  the right career for you? Anything you’d do differently, if you had it to do over again?

Why Women Put Up With Spousal Abuse †Sociology Essay Paper

Why Women Put Up With Spousal Abuse – Sociology Essay Paper Free Online Research Papers Question: Write a well-reasoned essay in which you set forth seven reasons abused wives â€Å"put up with† wife abuse. If you list the reasons, be sure that for each you include enough information to make it clear that you are thoroughly familiar with the â€Å"reason why.† Answer: Women who are abused as wives put up with the abuse for many reasons. One such reason is the fear they have for their husband. Women may be afraid their husband will kill them if they try to leave the marriage. According to the textbook â€Å"An estimated 75 percent of murders of women by their male partners occurred in response to the woman’s attempt to leave.† This means there is a very good reason for this fear, because the facts prove that the terror exists. Another reason women put up with abusive marriages is the cultured norm or norms that exist in our society. The textbook states â€Å"our cultural tradition historically has encouraged women to put up with abuse.† It also states that by English common law a man’s wife is his property and he could physically keep her in line if she stepped out. While these laws no longer exist, the ideas do still exist and even though the laws have changed, the tradition continues to live and be practiced to some extent. Women also stay in physically abusive marriages because of love and hopes for reform. A wife may think she can change her husband’s behavior if she loves him enough or gives him enough support. She also may feel that if she really loves him she should stay with him. By staying with a husband who is abusive, a wife may feel she is showing her true love for him. It’s easy to sit back and see how this is a crazy idea but loves makes the people involved do strange things. Economic dependence is in my opinion the strongest reason women stay with abusive husbands. I think this because all of the other reasons involve a mental aspect that could be overcome with counseling and other support, but if a woman cannot support herself and especially her children, then all the counseling or support in the world won’t do much good. A wife may feel she cannot support herself and her children without her husband. In many situations, this feeling may be unfortunately true. So the wife decides that staying with her abusive husband is an equitable exchange for the monetary support he provides her and/or her children. Another reason for a woman staying with an abusive husband is her childhood experience. The textbook reads â€Å"Research suggests that people who experience violence in the parents’ home while growing up may have an increased tolerance for violence and regard beatings as part of married life.† The textbook also says that women who were abused as children have a higher tendency to attach themselves to abusive men. This eludes to the idea of the never ending cycle of abuse, which reminds me of song lyrics written by Maynard James Keenan from a song that is about the cycles of abuse. The lyrics go like this: â€Å"Thought I could make it end Thought I could take the pain away Thought I could break the circle if I Slipped right into your skin So sweet was your surrender We have become one I have become my terror And you my precious lamb and martyr† Gender roles set up by society, or gendered socialization also can provide reasons for an abused wife staying with her husband. The textbook describes this by saying â€Å"women accept the cultural mandate that it is primarily their responsibility to keep their marriage from failing.† By believing this, a wife feels that she is responsible for the relationship, both her actions and her husband’s. It is this belief that leads her to think she should be able to fix the situation. If she cannot then in societies mind and possibly her own she is a failure. So she might stay and give it her best shot, which almost never works out. Low self-esteem, which seems to be a cause for so many problems, also contributes a cause to the problem of abused wives remaining with their husbands. This causes a woman to place the blame for her husband’s actions on herself. When combined with fear, depression, confusion, anxiety, and other negative emotions, low self-esteem in an abusive relationship helps create the battered woman syndrome. According to the textbook, the battered woman syndrome makes the wife feel â€Å"incapable of making any change.† Of course if a person thinks there can be no change, there won’t be, especially if you consider another quote from the textbook that is especially disturbing. The textbook says that â€Å"heterosexual men go in (to get help or counseling for their abuse) because they’re court-mandated,† not on their own will or want to change. So if the woman doesn’t force the change, it won’t happen, and the battered woman syndrome defeats a lmost all hope for change. Research Papers on Why Women Put Up With Spousal Abuse - Sociology Essay PaperPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Fifth HorsemanAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementHonest Iagos Truth through Deception19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraHip-Hop is ArtCapital Punishment

Holistic care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Holistic care - Essay Example The researcher states that holistic care may generally utilize various healthcare forms, ranging from conventional medication to any substitute therapy for treating patients. The holistic care approach is regarded as a treatment center wherein the patients are to be treated as an entire individual. This particular approach is often viewed to be a set of procedures that are related to traditional treatment methods, delivering effective healthcare to the individuals. The fundamental, physical, psychological along with social care requirements for Errol can be identified through using a holistic approach which is associated with traditional treatment method. These have been discussed in the following discussion. In the fundamental aspect of the traditional holistic approach, deliverance of effective healthcare to a patient can be duly considered as one of the decisive constituents in promoting better quality service. The fundamental requirement of traditional based holistic approach dem ands a better interrelation between the care providers and the ones receiving care. In relation to the case of Errol, the fundamental requirement would be to seek a doctor’s advice, as his health condition degraded daily. He has developed a lot of ill habits in order to get rid of his problems. To get free of the ill habits, Errol requires practicing certain good habits and most vitally leaving drinking habit as well. The physical care requirements typically refer to the offering of effective healthcare to the patients suffering from any sort of disease. One of the physical requirements which are needed for Errol can be the intake of the medicines, prescribed by the practitioner for the improvement of his health condition. Moreover, Errol must consider the suggestions of the doctor and follow the instructions accordingly in order to enhance his health condition.

How television advertisements affect children's purchase Essay

How television advertisements affect children's purchase psychologically - Essay Example This "How television advertisements affect children's purchase psychologically" essay outlines the impact of the advertisement on the consumers' behavior as children of today are tomorrow’s adult consumers. 1998; How Markets Target Kids, n.d). The autonomy of children in making decisions regarding family purchases has greatly increased compared to previous generations (How Markets Target Kids, n.d). The casual and friendly approach of parents towards their children has immensely contributed to such behavior. Children are not hesitant to openly voice out their needs in today’s households and parents yield to their requests either due to constant pestering from the child or to overcome their guilt about not having enough time to spend with their kids (How Markets Target Kids, n.d). In addition the changing family systems such as dual income, nuclear families and having children later in life have also influenced the buying capacity of the parents (How Markets Target Kids, n.d; Bhattacharyya & Kohli, 2007). However, in families where there are financial constraints such pestering can lead to child-parent conflicts which could have an impact on their relationship (Hoek, & Laurence, 1991). Constant pestering and crying f or long periods could have an irritating effect on parents especially after a hard days work. The pester power of children is increasingly seen in consumption of food products especially junk foods such as burgers, pizzas and fries. Other products include clothes or choosing holiday destinations of their interest.

Accounting Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Accounting - Coursework Example Our analysis will cover the main factors that may encourage unethical accounting practices at the managerial level. Greed for money appears to be the most convenient explanation. Personal gain is probably why malpractice is performed in the first place. With accounting being a practice revolving entirely around money, greed is likely to strike at any level, whether it be an individual accountant or at a member of the executive board. Financial information is manipulated as managers and accounting specialists search for loopholes in standards either for misrepresentation or for direct monetary benefit. Pressure to meet profitability targets is another important factor as to why management may choose to enter the grey area of accounting. In certain scenarios meeting analysts’ expectations regarding company performance becomes more important than contractual obligations, as the company is reputed to adhere to its market predicted growth trends. Therefore, capital market pressure may just be significant enough for managers to resort to unethical means to financial reporting. (Serwer, et al., 2002) have construed in a similar context: â€Å"over time so much focus has been placed on levitating companies stock prices that many executives will do almost anything--legal or otherwise--to make it happen† (Rosen, Al, 2009) regards executive compensation as the key to the dubitable practice of misrepresentation in financial reporting. Executive compensation can occur either via share-based compensatory benefits (as share prices rise) or inflated profitability by over-stating revenues. Corporate culture plays a significant role in devising managerial ethics. If in order to achieve ‘company’ gains the executive management is known to practice manipulation with financial information, subordinate staff is likely to use unethical means for personal benefits too (StrategicDirection,

Church to Connect Essay Example for Free

Church to Connect Essay â€Å"Our future is not to be found in our preservation but in our investment† (19). â€Å"The best way to predict the future is to create it† (20). â€Å"Fewer people are attending church because of the diminishing influence of Christ on the church itself. † â€Å"We equated being a good citizen with being a good Christian. We lived without persecution and soon found ourselves without conviction. We didn’t lose America; we gave her away! In our panic and powerlessness we turned to political means to seek to regain what we once had through spiritual awakening . Yet as a moral majority we could not accomplish what God could through Gideon’s few† (28). â€Å"Once we were called Christians by an unbelieving world and now we call ourselves Christians and the world calls us hypocrites. Is it possible that it wasn’t the nation that was becoming dangerously secular but the church? We were neither relevant nor transcendent. We have become, in the worst of ways, religious. We are the founders of the secular nation† (29). â€Å"The church became a refuge from the world rather than a force in the world. Predictability and stability became dominant themes†¦. The gospel shifted from a church on a mission to a church that supported missions† (30). â€Å"How could we ever think that the Christian faith would be safe when its central metaphor is an instrument of death? It is not a coincidence that baptism is a water grave depicting death and resurrection. It is no less significant that the ongoing ordinance of the Lord’s Supper is a reminder of sacrifice. How did we ever develop a safe theology from such a dangerous faith? †(33) â€Å"Institutions preserve culture while movements create culture† (34). â€Å"For years the bulk of American Christians who were committed to missions could only participate through giving and praying. Today, the call to crosscultural ministry doesn’t even require going; it just requires staying with a purpose† (45). â€Å"Where once the pagan lived in the country and the danger of the city was to be Christianized; now Christians tend to live away from the cities and view the urban dweller as the true pagan† (46). â€Å"Gideon was focused on mass; God was focused on momentum† (69). â€Å"It’s hard to believe that a movement born of visionaries and dreamers would become dominantly known for its traditions and rituals† (138). â€Å"Just because a person cannot read doesn’t mean she lacks the capacity to learn. One’s present condition is not an indication of potential, but of development† (211). III. SALIENT POINTS/ANALYSIS 1. The Need for the Church to Connect with this Generation The author speaks about how in the past 40 years communities have changed dramatically yet many local churches have stayed the same. This explains the irrelevancy and bankruptcy of the church in regards to being salt and light and functioning as agents of change for culture. Even the way the gospel is communicated has to be changed if we are going to reach this present generation. One of the dramatic changes in our environment is the shift from words to images. To do church in a way that is entirely textdriven is the kiss of death. People don’t read, they simply observe. Beyond the emergence of a postliterate society, we have a culture raised on entertainment (17). As McManus states, â€Å"While not many churches perform their services in Latin today, our language, style, music, and methods are pretty much Latin to the unchurched population† (81).

The Great Big Turnip | Analysis

The Great Big Turnip | Analysis Introduction: Our choice of storybook is The Great Big Turnip edited by Bob Williams, published by KohWai and Young. This book is appropriate for children aged four to six as it is specially designed and created to assist children who have mastered basic reading skills. Marchado (2010) states that the success of any book for young children depends on its presentation of basic human tasks, needs, and concerns based on childrens perceptions, and at a level at which they can respond (p. 289). Thus, after examining our selected choices of books, we decided to choose The Great Big Turnip because it has met many aspects of selecting the right book for young children. The story revolves around a farmer who had discovered a giant turnip in his garden. He could not pull it out alone hence he sought help from his family members and other animals in the house. Together, they managed to pull the turnip out of the ground and enjoyed plenty of food for many years. From this synopsis, the story is able to inculcate the value of teamwork in the readers as it teaches that joint effort makes it easier to complete a task. Its print and vibrant illustrations had captivated us instantaneously. The language used is age appropriate for children to learn and comprehend. The moral of the story is that we should always help others when they are in need, even if you may think that your help is insignificant. Literary elements: Plot: The plot is good because it creates suspense in the story to develop the childrens interest in reading the book. It is also simple and straightforward as it focuses on how the farmer gets help to pull the giant turnip out of the ground. Machado (2010) states that simple plot necessitated by the length of a picture book allows young children to become involved immediately in action, discover problem, and understand the resolution (p. 289). The story is in a chronological order as it unfolds sequentially. In the beginning on page 3, it talks about the farmer planting turnip seeds on the ground. In the middle on page 7, the farmer asked his wife for help when he could not pull the turnip out all by himself. Eventually, they still needed more people to help out. On page 14, it reveals how the turnip was pulled out from the ground. From the plot, readers are able to pick out problem-solving skills from the characters, such as asking for assistance. The climax of the story happens on page 13 when six more characters were involved in pulling the turnip out of the ground, and it arrests the childrens attention to find out how the characters overcome the situation. Characterization: The characters in the storybook are life like as they appear like normal living being. Machado (2010) states that characters should be portrayed realistically and have experiences and emotions with which children can immediately identify (p. 289). Thus, this book has definitely met the book selection criteria. The protagonist in the story is a farmer. As the story continues, other characters develop one after another throughout the story to help the farmer. The story does not talk about the characters past, present and future as it focuses on how the farmer gets help from his family to pull the big turnip out of the ground. Based on the farmers dialogue, it shows that he is a jovial person. On page 5 and 7, the farmer was elated to find out that his plant had grown into an enormous turnip. At the end of the story on page 16, the farmer shows a sense of happiness as it states that the happy farmer ate turnip for years (William, 2002). Besides, this book also portrays an array of emotions based on the other characters dialogue on page 7, 9 and 11. It shows excitement yet their struggles in pulling out the turnip. Setting: The farmers garden is the main location where the story took place during daytime. Based on a western context, readers are able to visualize a realistic event that occurred in the story which helps to build on their prior knowledge of the images. Theme: The theme of the story is able to relate to childrens understandings, needs and interests because underlying concept educates the importance of teamwork and unity. The farmer would not be able to pull the big turnip out of the ground without the help of his wife, son, daughter, dog, cat and mouse. It shows the significance of working towards a goal in harmony; oneness of mind. Style and Diction: The language used is simple and age-appropriate for children aged four to six. The language used is able to create mood from text such as exclaimed, cried and excited. The story involves a careful choice of words and rhythm such as they all pulled and pulled, but the turnip still would not come out! With a predictable text, children are able to participate by reading aloud to themselves or a storyteller. And the book contains good diction as it contains phrases like eyes popped out from her head, luckily, fell backwards in a heap. Point of View: The author used a third person point of view to write the story using pronoun like He, She and They. Objective point of view was used in the story as the author only tells what happen without stating more than [what] can be inferred from the storys action and dialogue (Literature, No Date). Stereotypes: It is not reflected in the storybook. Personification: It is not reflected in the storybook. Visual elements The picture-books visual variety would kindle the interests of the children and arrest their visual attention. It is slightly smaller than an A4-sized book which words inside are of Arial font and appropriate font size. The space in between words and line spacing are not cluttered. Hence, this popular fairytale facilitates easy one-on-one readings and independent reading. Cover page: On the cover page, yellow, embroidered images on the borders of The Great Big Turnip give volume to the title and front illustrations. Every word in the title is capitalised and dark turquoise in colour. Below the title is a bright and colourful cartoon of the climax of the story, which is also slightly similar to the cartoon on page 14 and page 15. The clever illustration will intrigue readers as it shows just the giant turnip spinning out of the soil and several characters falling behind. It allows readers to think about what happened in the story. Texture: Illustrations are two-dimensional which gives a visual texture and promotes imagery development. Line: Heavy lines used give more precision and curved lines used depict fluidity which brings the characters to life. Jagged lines can be found on page 15s illustration of the spinning turnip, which enables the readers to sense danger. Colour and Shape: Furthermore, the cartoon characters stand out more as additional colours and geometric shapes are used to allow the reader to clearly differentiate all of them. Illustrations from page 13 are good examples, as when the characters are pulling the turnip out, the reader would not focus on other things such as the house far away or even the forest in the background. Colours such as brown used compliment the settings like the farmers wooden house and the soil in his garden. There is also more assertion and rigidity in the illustration of the farmer due to the geometric shapes used (Scott, 1989). Free-form shapes such as the cursive ends of the turnip on page 15 enable the reader to imagine the great amount of force when the turnip was pulled out (Scott, 1989). All in all, the visual elements of the picture-book nurture visual literacy which builds on the language development of child. They allow the facilitating readability and influencing recall of the text (Machado, 2010).